पौराणिक काल

यूरोप की ड्रुइड अथवा केल्टिक सभ्यता वैदिक सभ्यता थी: भाग-१

celtic-druid
शेयर करें

रोमन शासक कांस्टेंटाईन के ३१२ ईस्वी में ईसाई धर्म अपनाने और यूरोप में उसके द्वारा ईसायत के प्रसार से पूर्व यूरोप में वैदिक संस्कृति होने के प्रमाण मिलते हैं. इस बात के पर्याप्त प्रमाण मिलते हैं कि यूरोप के ड्रुइडस भारतीय ब्राह्मण थे और उनके मार्गदर्शन में विकसित केल्टिक या सेल्टिक संस्कृति स्थानीय परिवर्तनों के साथ वैदिक संस्कृति ही थी. यूरोपीय इतिहासकार इन्हें भारोपीय (Indo-European) भाषा बोलने वाले भारोपीय लोग कहते हैं जो कहीं से आकर यूरोप में बस गये थे.

यूरोप में ईसापूर्व की संस्कृति का नेतृत्व और अधीक्षण, निरीक्षण, शिक्षण, व्यवस्थापन आदि कार्य ड्रुइडस के हाथों में था. पूरे द्वीप पर ड्रुइडो का अधिकार अथवा धर्मशासन था. ड्रुइड धर्माधीश थे. जनसभा या संसद के प्रसंग पर लोग धर्मप्रमुख से भेंट करते. ड्रुइडो के प्रति लोगों की इतनी श्रद्धा थी की ड्रुइडो की आज्ञा प्रमाण होती थी. किसी व्यक्ति को बहिष्कृत कराने का भी ड्रुइडो को अधिकार था. व्यक्तिगत या सामूहिक विवादों में निर्णय इन्ही का माना जाता था. इन्हें युद्ध में नहीं जाना पड़ता था और कर भी नहीं भरना पड़ता था. उनके कुछ वचनों के नमूने देंखे:

परमात्मा ही चराचर का स्रोत है.

शास्त्रों के मन्त्र लिखिए नहीं, मुखोद्गत करें.

अवज्ञा करने वालों को यज्ञ में सम्मिलित न करें.

आत्मा अमर है.

मृत्यु के पश्चात आत्मा अन्य शरीर में प्रवेश करती है

बच्चों की १४ अथवा २० वर्ष की आयु तक की शिक्षा घर से दूर रहकर होनी चाहिए आदि सभी वैदिक संस्कृति के प्रमाण हैं. (ए कम्प्लीट हिस्ट्री ऑफ़ ड्रुइडस, पेज २८-३१)

ड्रुइडस कौन थे?

druids
ड्र्यूडस संत

इतिहासकार स्वर्गीय पी एन ओक का कहना है कि, “सारे विश्व में आर्यधर्म का अधीक्षण, निरीक्षण, व्यवस्थापन आदि करनेवाला वर्ग द्रविड़ कहलाता था. द्रविड़ का द्र यानि द्रष्टा और विद यानि ज्ञानी या जाननेवाला यानि ऋषि मुनि. यह द्रविड़ लोग केवल भारत में ही नहीं अपितु सारे विश्व में वही भूमिका निभाते थे.

आर्य संस्कृति के रखवाले ऋषिमुनि ही यूरोप में ड्रुइड कहलाते हैं और भारत में द्रविड़. यूरोप में भी द्रविड़ थे. उन्हें ड्रुइड (Druids) कहा जाता था. अतः आर्य और द्रविड़ परस्पर पूरक संज्ञाएँ हैं.  वे समाज के पुरोहित, अध्यापक, गुरु, गणितज्ञ, वैज्ञानिक, पंचांगकर्ता, खगोल-ज्योतिषी, भविष्यवेत्ता, मन्त्रद्रष्टा, वेदपाठी आदि गुरुजन थे.”

आश्चर्य हो रहा है न? हमें तो रटाया गया है कि वैदिक संस्कृति विदेशी आक्रमणकारी आर्यों की थी और द्रविड़ यहाँ के मूलनिवासी और अनार्य हैं, आर्यों के विरोधी हैं आदि.

भूल जाइये. आधुनिक एतिहासिक और वैज्ञानिक शोधों ने ब्रिटिश साम्राज्यवादी और वामपंथी इतिहासकारों के झूठ को उजागर कर दिया है. आर्य संकृति वैदिक संस्कृति का नाम है. वैदिक संस्कृति के लोग हजारों लाखों वर्ष से भारतवर्ष के मूल निवासी हैं चाहे वे उत्तर के हों या दक्षिण के. वैज्ञानिक शोधों से साबित हो चूका है कि तथाकथित आर्य जाति और द्रविड़ जाति सब एक ही मूल के हैं; उनका डीएनए एक ही है.

अरे भाई खुद द्रविड़ शब्द संस्कृत का शब्द हैं तो द्रविड़ अनार्य कैसे हो सकते है? द्रविड़ उपर्युक्त कहे अनुसार वैदिक ऋषि मुनि थे और आज उनके वंशज द्रविड़ कहलाते है. देखिये विदेशी विद्वान क्या कहते हैं,

“द्रविड़ तो क्षत्रिय थे और सारे क्षत्रिय आर्य (धर्मी) थे. मनुस्मृति के १० वें अध्याय के श्लोक ४३, ४४ में वृषलों के यानि क्षत्रियों के १० कुल थे जिनमे द्रविड़ सम्मिलित थे. (पेज १५४, Matter, myth and spirit or keltic Hindu Links, लेखिका, दोरोथि चैपलिन, प्रकाशक-F.S.A. Scott Rider and co., London, 1935)

द्रविड़ ब्राह्मणों का संचार विश्वभर में होता था

vedic india
भारत से यूरोप गये लोगों के मार्ग साभार आउट ऑफ़ अफ्रीका सिद्धांत

निष्कर्ष यह है कि दक्षिण भारत में अगस्त्य ऋषियों (अगस्त्य ऋषि एक पद था जैसे शंकराचार्य) द्वारा स्थापित गुरुकुलों में शिक्षित लोग द्रविड़ कहलाते थे और उनमे जो स्नातक होते थे वे द्रविड़ ब्राह्मण कहलाते थे. ये द्रविड़ ब्राह्मण वैदिक धर्म संस्कृति के ज्ञाता होते थे और वैदिक धर्म का प्रचार प्रसार का काम करते थे. सम्भवतः इन्ही द्रविड़ों ने समुद्र मार्ग या स्थल मार्ग से यूरोप की यात्रा कर वहां वैदिक धर्म संस्कृति का प्रचार प्रसार किया जिसे आज हम ड्रुइडस के नाम से जानते हैं.

सतयुग से लेकर महाभारतीय युद्ध तक सारे विश्व में सम्पूर्ण वैदिक समाज-व्यवस्था रही. तत्पश्चात ईसाई और मुहम्मदी पंथों के प्रसार तक टूटी-फूटी वैदिक संस्कृति जहाँ तहां लडखडाते हुए जी रही थी. उस कालखंड में जब भी वैदिक विश्व सम्राटों के शासन के अंतर्गत कहीं निर्जन प्रदेश में नई बस्ती बस जाती या अन्य प्रदेशों में विद्रोह से या आतंक से समाज टूट जाता तो ड्रुईडो को वहां धर्म की स्थापना और समाज की व्यवस्था बनाने केलिए द्रविड़ ऋषियों मुनियों का संचार विश्वभर में होता रहता था.

उदाहरण केलिए वैदिक काल में इटली में वैदिक धर्म संस्कृति का प्रचार प्रसार अत्रि ऋषि ने किया था. गाल प्रदेश (स्पेन, फ़्रांस, पुर्तगाल) में ऋषि विश्वामित्र के शिष्य गाल ऋषि, पेलेस्टाइन उर्फ़ फिलिस्तीन महर्षि पुलस्त्य का क्षेत्र था, यूरेशिया का काश्पीय क्षेत्र कश्यप और मरीचि ऋषि का था, मार्कंडेय नगर उर्फ़ समरकंद के मार्कंडेय ऋषि थे आदि.

विश्व के विभिन्न इतिहासकार और विद्वान इन ड्रुईडस और केल्टिक लोगों के बारे में क्या लिखते हैं:

एशियाटिक रिसर्चस (खंड २, पृष्ठ ४८३) ग्रन्थ में रेवरेण्ड थोमस मौरिस लिखते हैं, “प्राचीन समाज के अध्ययन में ड्रुइड लोगों का मूल स्थान एशिया खंड ही था यह बात दीर्घ समय से मान्यता प्राप्त है. रियूबेन बरो नामक विख्यात खगोल ज्योतिषी पहला व्यक्ति था जिसने ड्रुइडो की दन्तकथाएँ, उनका समय, मान्यताएं, धारणाएँ आदि का कड़ा अध्ययन कर यह निष्कर्ष निकाला की वे भारत से आए दार्शनिक थे.”

Antiquities of India (खंड ६, भाग १, पृष्ठ २४६) में रेवरेण्ड थोमस मौरिस ने लिखा है, “यह पुरोहित (ड्रुइड लोग) भारत के ब्राह्मण थे. एशिया के उत्तरी प्रदेशों में फैलते-फैलते वे साईबेरिया तक गए. शनैः शनैः केल्टिक (उर्फ़ सेल्टिक) जातियों (कश्मीर के दक्षिण के कालतोय) में वे घुल मिल गए. वहां से आगे चलते-चलते यूरोप के कोने-कोने तक पहुँचते पहुंचते उन्होंने ब्रिटेन में भी ब्राह्मण केंद्र (गुरुकुल, मन्दिर) का स्थापना कर दिया. मेरा निष्कर्ष यह है कि ब्रिटेन में एशियाई लोगों की सर्वप्रथम बस्ती थी.”

A complete History of Druids ग्रन्थ से प्रमाण, लेखक Lichfilds

यूरोपीय इतिहासकार लीचफील्ड्स लिखते हैं, “उत्तमोत्तम इतिहासकारों के निरीक्षनानुसार यह निष्कर्ष निकाला जा सकता है कि जल प्लावन के पश्चात ब्रिटेन में बसने वाले लोग पूर्ववर्ती देशों से आए. पूर्व दिशा के निवासी अनेक प्रदेशों को जीतते जीतते लगभग पूरे यूरोप खंड के स्वामी बन गये. वे ही प्रायः उत्तर ब्रिटेन के सर्वप्रथम निवासी बने. प्रलय से ७००-८०० वर्ष पश्चात वे आ बसे”. (A complete History of Druids, Page 15 etc )

ब्रिटेन के उत्तरी भाग में तो चोलो मांडले नाम का एक ग्राम भी है जिसे स्थानीय लोग संक्षेप में च्मले कहते हैं. चोलो मांडले नामक ग्राम का सम्बन्ध निश्चय ही भारत के तमिलनाडु के चोल साम्राज्य से है. वैसे ब्रिटेन में तो वैदिक संस्कृति के दर्जनों एतिहासिक और पुरातात्विक साक्ष्य उपलब्ध हैं. अतः ब्रिटेन की वैदिक संस्कृति के विश्लेषण केलिए एक अलग लेख ही उपयुक्त होगा.

ईसापूर्व समय में ब्रिटेन और फ़्रांस के लोगों का रहन-सहन एक जैसा था. उनके गुरुकुल होते थे और प्रतिवर्ष ब्रिटेन से द्रविड़ विद्वान धार्मिक समारम्भों में सम्मिलित होने केलिए गाल प्रान्त ( स्पेन, फ़्रांस, पुर्तगाल) में जाया करते थे (वही). इंग्लैण्ड में जो इटन और हैरो नाम के दो विद्यालय प्रसिद्ध हैं वे इस कारन हैं कि वे प्राचीन गुरुकुल-प्रथा आगे चला रहे हैं.

ड्रुइड लोग प्राचीन काल में बसे हुए थे. कई विद्वान उन्हें यहीं के मूल निवासी समझते रहे. किन्तु उस मत का खंडन हुआ है. Dr. stukely का निष्कर्ष है कि विश्व के पूर्ववर्ती भागों से ड्रुइड लोग प्रथम अब्राहम के काल में आए. (वही, पृष्ठ २१-२२)

ब्रिटेन और फ़्रांस में ड्रुईडो का धर्म प्रदीर्घ समय तक रहा. इटली में भी उसका प्रसार हुआ था. इसका प्रमाण यह है कि रोमन सम्राट ऑगस्टस ने रोमन लोगों को आज्ञा दी के वे ड्रुईडो के गूढ़ समरम्भों से कोई सम्बन्ध ना रखें. (वही पृष्ठ २७)

ड्रुइडो के कई मन्दिरों के भग्नावशेष अभी आयिजल ऑफ़ मैन और अंग्लसी द्वीपों (isle of Anglesey, ब्रिटेन के वेल्स में) पर हैं. उनमे से कई महान शिलाओं के हैं जैसी शिलाएं अबीरी और स्टोनहेंज नामक प्राचीन स्थानों में हैं. (वही पेज ३६)

dravid-temple
ब्रिटेन के एन्ग्लसी द्वीप पर द्रविड़ मन्दिर के अवशेष

मन्दिर का वह भग्नावशेष विष्णु मन्दिर का है. वहां शेषशय्या पर भगवान विष्णु विराजमान थे- इतिहासकार पी एन ओक

ड्रुइडो के कड़े नियमबद्ध आचरण के कारन उनका समाज में सर्वाधिक सम्मान था. उनका आचरण शुद्ध और नीतिमान होता था. सद्गुण, परोपकार आदि का वे सदा उपदेश करते थे. उनके संसदों में देवभक्ती, आत्मा का अमरत्व, परलोक, खगोल ज्योतिष, दर्शनशास्त्र आदि ही चर्चा का विषय होते थे. ड्रुइडो के गुरुकुलों से जो शिक्षा नहीं पाते थे उन्हें शासनाधिकार के अयोग्य समझा जाता था. (वही पेज ३७)

इसी के आगे लिखा है, “ड्रुइडो की एक वनस्पति सोमरस (Samolus) थी. उसे जंगल से लाते समय कुछ विशेष व्रत रखे जाते थे. उपवास रखा जाता था. वनस्पति के पत्ते तोड़ते समय पीछे मुड़कर देखना अयोग्य समझा जाता था. केवल बाएँ हाथ से पत्ते तोड़े जाते थे. यज्ञों की प्राचीनता और उनका विश्व प्रसार देखते हुए यज्ञ प्रथा दैवी स्रोत की जान पडती है.”

उनका कथन है कि ब्रह्मा से उन्हें चार ग्रन्थ प्राप्त हुए जिनमे सारा ज्ञान भंडार है. मृत्यु के पश्चात प्रत्येक आत्मा नये शरीर में प्रवेश करता है एसा उनका विश्वास है. उनका कथन है की जीवहत्या नहीं करनी चाहिए. वे मांस नहीं खाया करते थे. विशिष्ट तिथियों को उनके यज्ञ और पर्व हुआ करते थे. यद्यपि उनके कुछ विशिष्ट देव थे, कई लोगों के अपने व्यक्तिगत देव या कुलदेवता भी होते थे. अतः स्पष्ट है ड्रुइडस लोग वैदिक संस्कृति के ही लोग थे.

इन्द्र को विविध नामों से पूजा जाता था. उसे तारामिस यानि वरुण देवता कहते थे. उत्तर में उसे थोर करते थे. स्वीडन, जर्मनी देशों के निवासी और सैक्सन लोग उस देवता को उतना ही मानते थे जितने ब्रिटेन के और फ़्रांस के लोग.

ड्रुइडो के मन्दिरों के आकार विशिष्ट सांकेतिक दृष्टि से बनाये जाते थे जिससे परमात्मा के स्वरूप का आभास हो. जैसे स्टोनहेंज का गोलाकार या अबीरी गाँव का गोल चक्कर और पंख वाला सर्प. यह परमपवित्र एसी त्रिमूर्ति का देवालय था–वे शक्तिमान देवता जिनका वह मन्दिर प्रतीक था (वही पृष्ठ ४९-५९)

स्टोनहेंज, ब्रिटेन

ग्रन्थ Matter, Myth and Spirit or Keltic Hindu Links, लेखिका, दोरोथि चैपलिन, प्रकाशक-F.S.A. Scott Rider and co., London, 1935 से प्रमाण

इस ग्रन्थ में भी ऊपर के ग्रन्थ से मिलती जुलती अधिकांश बातें कही गयी है जिसे छोड़कर अन्य बातों को देखते हैं.

प्राचीन यूरोप के सेल्टिक उर्फ़ केल्टिक जनता पर ड्रुइड नाम के पुरोहितों का प्रभाव होता था. सारे समाज के पालन केलिए वे नियम बनाया करते थे. (पृष्ठ १६)

ब्रिटेन के केंट का राज्य जाट बन्धुओं का स्थापित किया हुआ है. केंट और वाईट द्वीप के निवासी जाटों की सन्तान हैं. (वही पृष्ठ ११३)

ब्रिटेन में ड्रुइड आकर बसे एसा लगता है. ब्रिटिश द्वीप और ब्रिटनी स्थान पर ड्रुइडो के धर्मकेंद्र स्थापित हुए दिखाई पड़ते हैं. उनमें प्रमुख थे-Avebury, Stonhenge, woodhenge, Malvern, Mona in Angelesy Island, Tara in Ireland, Iona Callernish in the Herbridges, Stennis in the Orkeney Island and Carenock in Britney.

तारा हिल, आयरलैंड

प्राचीनकाल में उत्तरी वेल्स के अंग्लसी द्वीप के मोना नगर में द्रविड़ों का एक केंद्र था जहाँ कई यात्री गुरुकुल शिक्षा केलिए आया करते थे. (वही पेज १७९)

रोमन शासक जुलियस सीजर के ग्रन्थ से प्रमाण

जुलियस सीजर के सामने घोड़े पर सवार सेल्ट योद्धा, गैलिक युद्ध

रोमन शासक जुलियस सीजर, जो भारत के विक्रमादित्य के समकालीन (५३ इसा पूर्व लगभग) था, उसका यूरोप पर शासन था. दिग्विजय के लिए उसे अनेक प्रदेशों में आना जाना पड़ता था. उसने निजी संस्मरण लिखे हैं. उसके ग्रन्थ का शीर्षक है Caesar commentarious on the gallic War, आंग्ल अनुवादक T. Rice Holmes, London, 1908

उसके पृष्ठ १८०-१८२ पर लिखा है कि “फ़्रांस के हर भाग में दो ही वर्ण महत्वपूर्ण माने जाते हैं. उनमें एक हैं ड्रुइड (अर्थात ब्राह्मण) और दूसरा हैं सेनानायक (अर्थात क्षत्रिय). ड्रुइड लोग देवपूजन, व्यक्तिगत या सामूहिक होम हवन और धर्माचार, सम्बन्धी प्रश्नों पर विचार आदि में लगे रहते.

इस ग्रन्थ में भी उपर्युक्त बताये गये बहुत सारे समान वर्णन हैं जिन्हें हम छोड़ देते हैं. उसी ग्रन्थ में आगे लिखा है, “किसी पवित्र स्थान पर, निश्चित तिथि को ड्रुइडो का एक वार्षिक संसद Carnutes प्रदेश में होता है. गाल प्रदेश का वही प्रसिद्ध केंद्र है. ड्रुइडो की धर्मपरम्परा ब्रिटेन से फ़्रांस में पहुंची. आत्मा की अमरत्व की बात के कारन क्षत्रिय लोग युद्ध में वीरता से लड़ने में हिचकिचाते नहीं थे (पृष्ठ १८२-८३).

ड्रुइड अपोलो (सूर्य), मंगल (युद्ध देवता), मिनर्वा (लक्ष्मी) आदि की पूजा करते थे. इन्द्र को वे देवताओं का राजा कहते थे. युद्ध में जीती सम्पत्ति मंगल को अर्पण करते थे. मिनर्वा हस्तकला और उद्योगों की देवी थी.

यूरोप में सारे ड्रुइडो का धर्मप्रमुख जिसे सामान्यजनों को पापी ठहराकर बहिष्कृत कराने या पापमुक्त घोषित करने का अधिकार था उसके पद का संस्कृत नाम था पाप-ह यानि पापहर्ता या पापहंता. रोम में उसके धर्मपीठ को Vatican संस्कृत शब्द वाटिका कहा जाता था. उसी पाप-ह शब्द से पोप शब्द बना. किन्तु फ्रेंच आदि अन्य यूरोपीय भाषाओँ में उस धर्मगुरु को अभी भी उसके मूल संस्कृत शब्द पाप या पाप-ह ही कहते है.(पी एन ओक)

क्रमश:

अगले भाग में पढ़ें:

१.ड्रुइडस के वैदिक संस्कृति से सम्बन्धित होने के कई अन्य ग्रन्थों से प्रमाण

२.क्या ड्रुइडस अभी भी यूरोप में रहते हैं?

३.यूरोप में वैदिक संस्कृति का अंत कैसे और क्यों हुआ?

४.यूरोप के लोग मध्यरात्रि १२ बजे के बाद अगले दिन की शुरुआत क्यों करते हैं

५.क्या २५ दिसम्बर का क्रिसमस पर्व ड्रुइडस लोगों का ही उत्सव है?

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302 thoughts on “यूरोप की ड्रुइड अथवा केल्टिक सभ्यता वैदिक सभ्यता थी: भाग-१

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