इतिहासकार पी एन ओक लिखते हैं, “यूरोपीय लोग ग्रीस (यूनान) देश को निजी परम्परा का उद्गम स्थान मानते है तथापि यूरोप में ईसाईयत के प्रसार के पश्चात वे यह भूल गये कि ग्रीस स्वयम एक वैदिक देश था.” वे आगे लिखते हैं, “यूरोपीय विद्वान मित्र उर्फ़ मित्रस देवता को ईरानी समझकर आश्चर्य प्रकट करते हैं कि ग्रीस और रोम में भी सूर्य देवता की पूजा कि प्रथा कैसे चल पड़ी? दरअसल यूरोपियनों ने ईसा पूर्व के अपने पूर्वजों के इतिहास को अंधकार युग बताकर भुला दिया है. इसलिए उन्हें पता ही नहीं है कि भारत और ईरान की तरह यूरोप में भी पहले वैदिक संस्कृति ही था.”
स्ट्रैबो के अनुसार भारत तक का एशिया खंड Bachhus (त्रयम्बकेश उर्फ़ शिव) को समर्पित था. उसी प्रदेश में Hercules (हरि-कुल-ईश अर्थात विष्णु या कृष्ण) और Bachhus को पूर्ववर्ती प्रदेशों का स्वामी कहा जाता था. बेबीलोन और मिस्त्र की संस्कृति के वही उद्गमस्थल थे. ग्रीक और रोमन जनता के Buchhus और मित्रस (सूर्य) देवता उसी प्रदेश के थे. (पृष्ठ ४४, Buddhisht and Christian Gospels, The Yukwan Publishing house, Tokyo, 1905)
इतिहासकार भगवान सिंह लिखते हैं, “अपने उत्कर्ष-काल में ग्रीस जितनी निकटता से पूर्वी भूमध्यसागर के तटीय और द्वीपीय क्षेत्रों से जुड़ा रहा है उतनी निकटता से अपने सटे यूरोपीय भूभाग से नहीं.” वे आगे लिखते हैं, “यूनानियों के सम्पर्क क्षेत्र पर नजर डालें और सम्पर्क के देशों और जनों के प्रति उनके रुख को समझने का प्रयत्न करें तो भी यही प्रकट होगा कि वे दक्षिण और पूर्व कि सभ्यताओं से अधिक जुड़े थे और उनकी संस्कृति इनसे अधिक प्रभावित थी. अपने से उत्तर के यूरोपीय देशों के लोगों को वे बहुत भर्त्सना कि दृष्टि से देखते थे. प्रकारांतर से कहें तो ग्रीस में अपना प्रभुत्व कायम करनेवाला वर्ग या आर्य भाषा-भाषी होने का दम भरनेवाला वर्ग अपनी श्रेष्ठता पर उसी तरह गर्व करता था जैसे आर्य करते थे.” (हड़प्पा सभ्यता और वैदिक साहित्य, लेखक-भगवान सिंह)
ग्रीक इतिहास में जो वीरकाल माना गया है उसमें कला निपुणता, कारीगरी, कसीदे से भरी शालें, वस्त्र, गहने, धातु के पात्र, सामाजिक सुविधाएँ, Alcinous और Menelaus के वैभवशाली महल, ट्रॉय नगर की महान स्पर्धाएं, रथ आदि रहन सहन प्राच्य पद्धति (यानि भारतीय) ही जान पड़ती है. इन प्रमाणों से लगता है वहां भारतियों की बस्ती ही रही होगी और उन्ही का धर्म और भाषा भी. Poseidon or Zeus नाम के देवताओं के अवतरणों के समय से ट्रोजन युद्ध के अंत तक ग्रीक लोगों की सारी कथाएँ, समाज, भाषा, रहन-सहन, विचारधारा, धर्म, युद्ध नीति और जीवन प्रणाली पूरी भारतीय ढांचे की ही थी. (एडवर्ड पोकोक के ग्रन्थ India in Greece, पृष्ठ ९-१२.)
ग्रीस (यूनान) में सभ्यता का जन्म कैसे हुआ? ग्रीस के मूल जन कौन थे?
ग्रीस का धरातल उबड़-खाबड़ पहाड़ियों से बना है इसलिए पूरे प्रायद्वीप क्षेत्र में यातायात का प्रमुख मार्ग समुद्री ही रहा है. खेती की दृष्टि से भी ग्रीस की धरती उत्साहवर्धक नहीं दिखाई देता है. यही स्थिति चरागाहों की भी रही है. यदि उर्वरता ही नगर सभ्यता का मेरुदंड मानी जाए तो यह एक असाध्य पहेली बनी रहेगी कि इस मामले में खासा निराशाजनक यह क्षेत्र विश्व की एसी गौरवशाली सभ्यता का निर्माता रह चूका है जिससे प्रेरणा लेकर आधुनिक यूरोप का जन्म हुआ है और जो चिन्तन और दर्शन के क्षेत्र में आज तक एक महत्वपूर्ण सन्दर्भ बिंदु बना हुआ है.
जिन लोगों को इस सभ्यता के निर्माण का श्रेय दिया जाता है वे भारोपीय भाषा-भाषी थे. ग्रीस में कब और कैसे पहुंचे और किस तरह उन्होंने अपने को उस शिखर बिंदु पर पहुँचाया, इस विषय में काफी उलझन बनी रही है. जो भी हो, ग्रीक भाषा अपने ठीक पड़ोस कि यूरोपीय भाषाओँ से उतना गहरा साम्य नहीं रखती जितना गहरा साम्य यह संस्कृत के साथ प्रकट करती है. (हड़प्पा सभ्यता और वैदिक साहित्य, लेखक-भगवान सिंह)
उपर्युक्त पहेलियों का जबाब पी एन ओक ने अपने ग्रन्थ वैदिक विश्वराष्ट्र का इतिहास, भाग-३ में विस्तार से दिया है. वे लिखते है, “वैदिक संस्कृति में दैनिक आचार व्यवहार नियमबद्ध थे. सबको वैचारिक स्वतंत्रता थी किन्तु मनमाने आचार कि स्वतंत्रता नहीं थी. वैदिक प्रणाली का जो उल्लंघन करते थे, उसके विरुद्ध विद्रोह करते थे, या जो राष्ट्रविरोधी आचरण करते थे या कोई बड़े अपराधी होते थे, ऐसे लोगों को आर्य सभ्यता की सीमाओं से बाहर जिस प्रदेश में बहिष्कृत किया जाता था वह यावन प्रदेश कहलाता था.
यह ठीक वैसे ही था जैसे अपराधी अंग्रेजों को ऑस्ट्रेलिया में और ब्रिटिश विरोधी भारतियों को अंडमान द्वीप पर निर्वासित कर दिया जाता था. यावन का मतलब होता है या-वन अर्थात वन में जाने का या भेजा जाने का प्रदेश. यावन शब्द का ही अपभ्रंश यूनान है. यहाँ के लोगों को यावनीय कहा जाता था. यूरोपीय लोग उसी यावनीय शब्द को Ionia लिखने लगे.
बहिष्कृत अपराधियों के अतिरिक्त चतुर्वर्ण्यधर्माश्रम जीवन-पद्धति के अनुसार वानप्रस्थी लोग भी ग्रीस प्रदेश में स्वेच्छा से जाकर रहा करते थे. उस प्रदेश के ओलिम्पस (Olympus) पहाड़ी पर वैदिक देवताओं का संस्थान भी बनाया गया. उसी “गिरी-ईश” अर्थात पहाड़ों के देवता के नाम पर इस देश का नाम ग्रीस (Greece) पड़ा. प्राचीन ग्रीस के लोग हिन्दू होने के कारण Trinity यानि ‘त्रीणि इति’ ब्रह्मा-विष्णु-महेश को पूजते थे. उनके गिरी पर इन सारे वैदिक देवी देवताओं का प्रमुख आलय था अर्थात वह ‘आलयम-ईश’ था. भारत के कैलाश पर्वत के प्रतीक के रूप में ग्रीक के प्राचीन हिन्दुओं ने जो ‘आलयम-ईश’ बनाया था, उसी को ग्रीक साहित्य में Olympus कहा जाता है.”
ग्रीस (यूनान) और भारतीय भाषाओँ में समानता
एडवर्ड पोकोक अपने ग्रन्थ India in Greece के पृष्ठ १८ पर लिखते हैं कि ग्रीक भाषा संस्कृत से ही व्युत्पन्न है, अतः संस्कृत भाषी भारतीय लोग कभी ग्रीस देश में रहे होंगे. पृष्ठ १६ पर उन्होंने लिखा है कि “Pelsagie Hellenic (समय) के ग्रीस की भाषा संस्कृत ही थी.”
लैटिन भाषा का उद्गम तो संस्कृत में पाया जाता है क्योंकि लैटिन के कई शब्द ग्रीक शब्दों से बड़े विकृत से लगते हैं. अतः यह कहना की लैटिन भाषा ग्रीक से निकली है उचित नहीं है. (Page 61, The Celtic Druids, by Godfrey Higgins)
१८१९ में एक जर्मन विद्वान Frammy Bapp का निष्कर्ष प्रकाशित हुआ की ग्रीक, लैटिन, फारसी और जर्मन भाषाओँ का संस्कृत से बड़ा गहरा सम्बन्ध है.
टी बरो लिखते हैं, “ग्रीक में केन्तुम (Centum) वर्ग कि किसी भी अन्य भाषा से निकट सम्पर्क के लक्षण नहीं दिखाई देते हैं. इसके विपरीत इसका निकटतम सम्बन्ध सतेम (प्राचीन संस्कृत) वर्ग की भाषाओँ से, खासतौर से भारतीय-ईरानी और अर्मीनियाई से प्रकट होता है. संस्कृत के तुलनात्मक व्याकरण पर एक नजर डालने से ही यह पता चल जाएगा कि संस्कृत और ग्रीक में पाई जानेवाली समानताएं भारतीय-ईरानी शाखा के बाहर इस परिवार की किसी भी अन्य भाषा की तुलना में अधिक हैं. क्रियायों कि रूपावली में तो यह बात खासतौर से पाई जाती है. (The Sanskrit Language, London 1955, Writer- T Burrow)
पहले इतिहासकारों और भाषाशास्त्रियों का मानना था कि ग्रीक में भारोपीय भाषा मध्य यूरोप यानि उत्तर से आया था परन्तु आज यह असत्य साबित हो गया है. रैखिक ‘बी’ से निचे ही रैखिक ‘ए’१ का पाया जाना और इन दोनों के पुराने प्रमाणों का संस्कृत में पाया जाना यह साबित करता है कि इस लिपि का प्रसार दक्षिण के द्वीपीय क्षेत्र से उत्तर को ग्रीक मूल भूमि की ओर हुआ, न कि इसके विपरीत. इस द्वीप में मूलतः ये आर्य भाषा-भाषी पूर्व की ओर से ही पहुंच सकते थे. (वही, भगवान सिंह)
ग्रीक लोग स्वर्ग को Koilon कहते हैं और रोमन Coelum. ये दोनों संस्कृत शब्द कैलास के अपभ्रंश हैं. (पृष्ठ ६८, पोकाक के ग्रन्थ इंडिया इन ग्रीस)
स्वयं ग्रीस (Greece) संस्कृत शब्द गिरीश (पर्वतों के राजा, कैलाश पर्वत या शिव) का अपभ्रंश है. ग्रीक नाम Cassopoi वस्तुतः संस्कृत शब्द काश्यपीय है जिसका अर्थ होता है काश्यप के अनुयायी या वंशज. ग्रीस में ईसाई पूर्व काल में इशानी पंथ होता था. इशान शंकर का नाम है, ग्रीस के लोग शिवपंथी थे. इसी कारन ग्रीस और रोम में शिव की मूर्तियाँ और शंकर की पिंडियाँ भी बड़ी संख्यां में प्राप्त होती रही है. पंथ दीक्षा लेते ही प्रत्येक ईशानी एक शुभ्र कौपीन धारण कर पैर में खडाऊं पहनता था. (वही, पी एन ओक)
विद्वान गोडफ्रे हिग्गींस लिखते है कि, “ब्रिटेन के ड्रुइड सेलटक नाम के एक अतिप्राचीन परम्परा के लोग थे. विश्व की अद्यात्म पीढ़ियों के वे लोग थे, जो प्रलय से बचकर ग्रीस, इटली, फ़्रांस, ब्रिटेन आदि देशों में पहुंचे. इसी प्रकार उन्हीं लोगों की अन्य शाखा “दक्षिण एशिया” से सीरिया और अफ्रीका में गयी. पाश्चात्य देशों की भाषा एक ही थी. प्राचीन आयरलैंड की लिपि ही उन सबकी लिपि थी. ब्रिटेन, गाल, इटली, ग्रीस, सीरिया, अर्बस्थान, ईरान और हिन्दुस्थान-सबकी वही लिपि थी.” (The Celtic Druids, Writer-Godfrey Higgins, Picadilly, 1929)
प्राचीन ग्रीस (यूनान) और भारत के धर्म और देवताओं में समानता
हिन्दू प्रणाली की प्राचीनता की कोई बराबरी नहीं कर सकता. वहीँ (आर्यावर्त में) हमें न केवल ब्राह्मण (हिन्दू) धर्म अपितु समस्त हिन्दू प्रणाली का आरम्भ प्रतीत होगा. वहां से वह धर्म पश्चिम में इथिओपिया से इजिप्त और फिनिशिया तक बढ़ा…उत्तर में ईरान से खाल्डइय, कोलचिस और हायपरबोरिया तक फैला. वहीं से वैदिक धर्म ग्रीस और रोम में भी उतर आया. (पृष्ठ १६८, The Theogony of the Hindus by कौन्ट विअन्स्तिअर्ना)
ग्रीस (यूनान) में वैदिक देवताओं के गुण धर्म वाले देवता:
भारतवर्ष ग्रीस (यूनान)
इन्द्र Zeus (Roman jupiter)
कामदेव Cupid
सौन्दर्य की देवी माया Aphrodite (रोमन वीनस)
सूर्य Phoebus (Roman Apollo)
अश्विनीकुमार Castor और Pollux
नारद Hermes (or Mercury)
गणेश Gonus
विश्वकर्मा Hephaestus
वरुण Poseidon,
लक्ष्मी Athena (Roman Minerva)
देवों कि माता अदिति Demeter (देव माता)
(Source: Sir William Gones और P N Oak की किताब तथा विकिपीडिया आदि)
अधिकांश क्षत्रिय सूर्यवंशी थे अतः ग्रीस में भी सूर्य के प्रति बहुत श्रद्धा थी. इसी कारण वहां रविवार की साप्ताहिक छुट्टी हुआ करती थी. ग्रीस के कई स्थानों पर सूर्य मन्दिर और सुर्यपुर होते थे. सूर्य केलिए संस्कृत में एक शब्द हेली भी है . उसी हेली नाम से Helipolis अर्थात हेलीपुर नाम का नगर ग्रीस में बसा है. ग्रीक लोग Demater नाम से जिस देवी का उल्लेख करते हैं वह देवमातर संस्कृत वैदिक नाम है. वेल्स तथा Comish भाषाओँ का jwawl शब्द संस्कृत ज्वाला ही है. (वही, पी एन ओक)
ग्रीस और रोम में गणेश पूजन होता था. इसका इतिहास में उल्लेख है. ईसापूर्व काल में वही ग्रीस और रोम वाली सभ्यता पूरे यूरोप में था. “Ganesh..is depicted on a carving at Rheims in France with a rat above his head. (Dorothea Chaplin, Matter, Myth and Spirit or Keltic and Hindu Links, Page-36)
अलेक्जेंडर उर्फ़ सिकन्दर वैदिक धर्मी ही था. भारत की ओर बढने से पहले उसने अलेक्जेंड्रिया के शिव तीर्थस्थल में पूजा किया था. स्ट्रैबो लिखता है, “हरक्यूलिस तथा Bacchus यानि त्रयम्बकेश का अनुसरण करते हुए अलेक्जेंडर ने भी भारतवर्ष के जीते हुए निजी प्रदेश के सीमाओं पर देवमंदिर उर्फ़ वेदियाँ स्थापित की थी. वहां १२ देवी देवताओं के १२ मन्दिर थे और प्रत्येक मन्दिर ५० हाथ लम्बा चौड़ा था. (स्ट्रैबो, खंड-३, पृष्ठ २५७)
ग्रीस (यूनान) में भगवान कृष्ण की पूजा के प्रमाण
महाभारत काल में ग्रीस में वैदिक सभ्यता और संस्कृति होने के कारण वहां कृष्णभक्ति का बड़ा प्रभाव रहा है. Barbara Wingfield Stratford नाम की आंग्ल महिला ने इंडिया एंड द इंग्लिश नाम की पुस्तक लिखी है. उस ग्रन्थ के पृष्ठ १११-११२ पर लिखती है कि, “कई बातों में कृष्णभक्ति और कृस्त परम्परा एक जैसी है. उसी प्रकार कृस्त की जन्मकथा तथा बालजीवन और कृष्ण की जन्मकथा भी समान है. बाल कृस्त को जैसे उसके जन्मस्थान से अत्याचारी अधिकारीयों के भय से नाजरेथ में आश्रय लेना पड़ा वैसे ही कृष्ण को निजी जन्मस्थान से निकलकर गोकुल में बचपन बिताना पड़ा.”
लेखक Spencer Lewis ने अपने ग्रन्थ The mystical Life of Jesus के पृष्ठ १५६ पर लिखा है कि “क्रिस्तस नाम या उपाधि पूर्ववर्ती देशों के अनेक गूढ़ पंथों में देवावतार की द्योतक थी. क्रिस्तस यह मूलतः ईजिप्त के एक देवता का नाम था. ईजिप्त के लोग जिसे ‘ख’ कहते थे उसे ग्रीक ‘क्ष’ लिखते थे. ग्रीक ‘क्ष’ का उच्चारण ‘क’ भी किया जाता था. इसी कारन ईजिप्त का ‘खरु’ ग्रीक भाषा में ‘कृ’ लिखा जाता था.”
क्रिस्तस मूलतः कृष्णस शब्द है. ‘ष्ण’ का उच्चारण ही ष्ट या स्त था. एसा उच्चारण भारत के कई प्रदेशों में भी होता है. अतः स्पष्ट है कि कृष्ण ही कृष्ट, कृष्त, ख्रीष्ट है तथा कृष्णनीति ही कृष्टनीति, ख्रीस्टनीति, क्रिश्चनीति है. ईशस कृष्ण का रोमन/ग्रीक उच्चार ही जीसस कृष्ट या क्राईस्ट है.
महाभारत काल के बाद कृष्ण ग्रीस के प्रमुख देव माने जाते थे. अतः ग्रीक जन एक दूसरे को हरितूते कहकर अभिवादन करते हैं जो मूलतः हरि रक्षतुते यानि हरि आपका रक्षण करे इस अर्थ का शब्द है. ग्रीक लोगों का मर्यादापुरुषोत्तम Hercules या Heracles कहा जाता है, जो वास्तव में हरि-कुल-ईश ऐसा श्रीकृष्ण का ही नाम है. ग्रीक लोक कथाओं में हरक्यूलिस के १२ चमत्कार विख्यात हैं जो कृष्ण कि बाल लीलाओं का नकल है.
ग्रीस और रोम साम्राज्यों में भगवान कृष्ण और राम की ही भक्ति हुआ करती थी. इसी कारण Agathaclose नाम के ईसा पूर्व दूसरी शताब्दी के ग्रीक राजा के सिक्कों पर भगवान कृष्ण तथा भाई बलराम की छवि छपी पाई जाती है. Agathaclose यह नाम अगतक्लेशः यानि जिसको कोई क्लेश न हुआ हो इस अर्थ का संस्कृत शब्द है.
ग्रीस के कोरिन्थ नगर के म्यूजियम में दीवार पर एक वृक्ष की छाया में पैर के आगे दूसरा पैर धरे हुए भगवान कृष्ण का बांसुरी बजाते और धेनु चराते एक चित्र प्रदर्शित है. अज्ञानी यूरोपीय पुरातत्वविदों ने उसके निचे लिख रखा है “एक देहाती दृश्य”. ग्रीस के नरेशों के सिक्कों पर ईसा पूर्व दूसरी शताब्दी तक कृष्ण-बलराम की प्रतिमाएं खुदी होती थी. कृष्ण की मूर्तियाँ यूरोप अफ्रीका आदि देशों के मन्दिरों में होती थी और उन्हें रधमंथस, हेराक्लिज, हरक्यूलीज, हिरम, हर्मिस, कृष्ण, कृष्ट, इशस आदि नामों से जाना जाता था.
यूरोप में एतिहासिक और पुरातत्वीय उत्खनन ईसाई व्यक्तियों के द्वारा किये जाने के कारन प्राप्त वैदिक अवशेष या तो जानबूझकर छिपा दिए जाते हैं, नष्ट कर दिए जाते हैं या उनका गलत और विकृत अर्थ लगाते हैं. जैसे ग्रीस में भगवान कृष्ण की प्रतिमाएं इमारतों में पाई गयी, सिक्खों पर भी दिखाई दी फिर भी उनका कोई रिकार्ड नहीं रखा गया. इटली में उत्खनन में पाए गए प्राचीन घरों में रामायण प्रसंगों के चित्र अंकित होते हुए भी इटली के पुरातत्वविद उनकी बाबत पूर्णतया अनजान बने हुए हैं. (वैदिक विश्वराष्ट्र का इतिहास-पी एन ओक)
ग्रीक (यूनान) और भारतीय दर्शन तथा पौराणिक इतिहास में समानता
यूरोपीय लोगों का उच्चतम दर्शनशास्त्र, जो ग्रीक साहित्य में आदर्श तर्कवाद कहलाता है, वह प्राच्य (भारतीय) आदर्शवाद के चकाचौंध कर देने वाले प्रकाश की तुलना में इतना फीका दीखता है जैसे प्रखर सूर्यप्रकाश में कोई टिमटिमाता दिया. (History of Literature by A. Schlegal)
दर्शनशास्त्र में तो हिन्दू जन ग्रीस और रोम से कहीं आगे थे. ईजिप्त के लोगों का धर्म, पुराण और दार्शनिक कल्पनाएँ हिन्दुओं से ली गयी थी. ग्रीक दर्शनशास्त्र लगभग पूरा ही हिन्दू दर्शनशास्त्र पर आधारित था. हिन्दू दर्शनशास्त्र बड़े गहरे और परिपूर्ण होने के कारन ग्रीक दार्शनिक हिन्दुओं के शिष्य ही रहे होंगे. (Bharat-India as seen and known by Foreigners)
ग्रीक तथा भारतीय पौराणिक कथाओं की गहरी समानता देखकर एसा लगता है कि ग्रीक लोग और हिन्दुओं में किसी समय अतीत में घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहा होगा और शायद पायथागोरस ने आत्मा के विविध जन्मों का जो उल्लेख किया है वह भारतीय देवी-देवताओं की कथाओं से सीखकर ग्रीक देव-कथाओं में जोड़ दिया है. (Page-61-62, Narratives of a journey Overland from England to India, Writer-Mrs. Colonal Edwood)
मैक्समूलर का मानना था कि ईजिप्त तथा ग्रीक और असीरीय लोगों की दंतकथाएँ हिन्दू पुराणों पर आधारित थी. इन्द्र के वज्र प्रहार कि बात ग्रीक कथाओं में Zeus (रोमन ज्यूपिटर यानि देव पितर अर्थात देवताओं का राजा या पिता) से जोड़ दी गयी है.
कृष्ण और गोपियों के समान ग्रीक कथाओं में अपोलो देव की गोपियाँ हैं. ग्रीक कथाओं के Cupid से सुंदर काम देव की कथा कितनी अधिक मिलती है? सौन्दर्य की देवी माया जिस प्रकार सागर से प्रकट हुई वैसी ही ग्रीककथाओं में व्हीनस देवी की कही गयी है. सूर्य तथा अर्जुन के जैसे ही ग्रीक कथाओं में फ़ोबस और Aurora सम्बन्धी उल्लेख हैं. जुड़वे अश्विनीकुमारों जैसे ग्रीक कैस्टर और पोलक्स हैं. लक्ष्मी के मुकुट में धान्य के अंकुर जिस प्रकार दिखाए जाते हैं वैसे ही ग्रीक Cares के भी लगे होते हैं.
काली के समान ग्रीक कथाओं में Hecate हैं. देवों के संदेश पहुँचाने वाले नारद की तरह ग्रीक पुरानों में Hermes (या Mercury) की भूमिका बताई गई है.
Sir William Gones का निष्कर्ष है कि वैदिक गणेश ही ग्रीक कथाओं का Gonus हैं. हनुमान और उसकी वानर सेना के सामान ग्रीक कथाओं में Pon और उसके वन देवों कि बात आती है. (वैदिक विश्वराष्ट्र का इतिहास, भाग-३, पी एन ओक)
ग्रीक (यूनान) और भारतीय ज्ञान विज्ञान और कला में समानता
निःसंदेह सारे विश्व में हिन्दुराष्ट्र प्राचीनतम है. वह आद्यतम और सर्वाधिक तेजी से प्रगत हुआ. जब नीलगंगा की दर्रें पर पिरैमिड खड़ी भी नहीं हुई थी, जब आधुनिक सभ्यता के स्रोत समझे जाने वाले ग्रीस और इटली के प्रदेशों में जंगली जानवर ही निवास करते थे उस समय भारत एक धनी और वैभवसम्पन्न राष्ट्र था. (History of British India by Thornton)
शल्य चिकित्सा में हिन्दू लोग बहुत अग्रसर थे. यूरोप के चिकित्सकों के हजारों वर्ष पूर्व सुश्रुत संहिता में मुत्रपिंड में चुभने वाली पथरी की शल्य-क्रिया बड़ी सूक्ष्मता से वर्णित है. आधुनिक शल्य-चिकित्सा के औजार प्राचीन नमूनों पर ही बनाये जाते हैं. दुर्घटनाओं या हमलों के कारन शरीर के अंगों में टूट-फुट हिन्दू शल्य-चिकित्सक बड़ी अच्छी तरह से दुरुस्त किया करते थे. बेबीलोन, असीरिया, ईजिप्त, ग्रीस आदि देशों में जो दवाइयाँ प्रयोग होती थी, वे सारी की सारी भारत में ही बनाई जाती थी. (Surgeon Dr. Rowan Nicks, Australia on September 29, 1983 , New Delhi)
आईन्स्टीन के हजारों वर्ष पूर्व व्यास जी ने दिग्देशकालभेद अर्थात समय और अंतर की शुन्यता का विवरण दिया है. गोडफ्रे हिंगिस लिखते हैं, “विज्ञान में तो ग्रीक लोग शिशु जैसे थे. प्लेटो, पायथागोरस आदि जैसे उनके विद्वजन जब पूर्व की ओर (यानि भारत) गए ही नहीं थे तो उन्हें विज्ञान की जानकारी होती भी कहाँ से? विज्ञान और अन्य विद्याओं में वे भारतियों से पिछड़े हुए थे. उन्होंने या तो अज्ञानतावश सारी गापड-शपड. कर रखी है या जानबूझकर घोटाला कर रखा है. (Page 112, The Celtic Druids)
हिन्दू लोग ग्रीकों से कितने ही अधिक अग्रसर होने के कारन वही ग्रीकों के गुरु रहे होंगे और ग्रीक लोग हिन्दुओं के शिष्य. (The Theogony of the Hindus, Writer-Count Bionstiarna)
Fra Panoline da Tan Bartolomeo के A Voyage to East Indies के अनुवादक ने टिपण्णी में लिखा है की ग्रीक दर्शनशास्त्री पाईथोगोरस ने निजी शिक्षा भारत में ही प्राप्त की होगी क्योंकि उसके शिष्यों पर भी पांच वर्ष तक कोई प्रश्न नहीं पूछने का बंधन था जो भारत के वैदिक शिक्षण प्रणाली का हिस्सा है.
उत्तर भारत के सूर्यवंशी लोगों का विश्व-प्रसार उनके विशाल भवनों से पहचाना जा सकता है. मन्दिर, महल, किले आदि की मोटी दीवारें, सार्वजनिक सुविधाओं के विविध निर्माण-कार्य जो रोम, इटली, ग्रीक, पेरू, ईजिप्त, सीलोन आदि प्रदेशों में पाए जाते हैं, उनकी विशालता से बड़ा अचम्भा होता है. (पेज-१६३, India in Greece, By E Pococke)
इस बात का संदेह नहीं हो सकता की हिन्दू जाति कला और क्षात्रबल में श्रेष्ठ थी, उनका शासन बड़ा अच्छा था, उनका नीतिशास्त्र बड़ी बुद्धिमानी से बनाया गया था और उनका ज्ञान बड़ा श्रेष्ठ था. प्राचीनकाल में हिन्दू व्यापारी लोग थे इसके विपुल प्रमाण हैं. ग्रीक लेखकों का निष्कर्ष है कि हिन्दू बुद्धिमान और सर्वश्रेष्ठ थे. खगोल ज्योतिष और गणित में वे अग्रगण्य थे. (Culcutta Review, दिसम्बर, १९६१)
ग्रीक लेखकों ने लिखा है हिन्दू लोग बड़े ज्ञानी थे, उनका आध्यात्मिक ज्ञान उच्चस्तरीय था. खगोल ज्योतिष और गणित में भी वे प्रवीन थे. डायोनीशस लिखता है कि हिन्दुओं ने ही प्रथम सागर पार यात्रायें आरम्भ कर दूर-दूर देशों में निजी माल पहुंचाया. आकाशस्थ ग्रहों के भ्रमण वेग और तारों का अध्ययन और नामकरण हिन्दुओं ने ही किया. अति प्राचीन समय से प्रत्येक क्षेत्र में हिन्दू विख्यात थे. (The Culcutta Review, December, 1861)
ग्रीक भूगोलवेत्ता स्ट्रैबो ने लिखा है कि, “ग्रीस के लोगों की गान पद्धति, उनकी लय, तान, गाने आदि सारे पूर्ववर्ती प्रदेशों (भारत) से लिए हुए दिखाई देते हैं. भारत सहित पूरा एशिया खंड का प्रदेश Bacchus (यानि त्रयम्बकेश या शिवपूजक) था और पाश्चात्य संगीत का अधिकार स्रोत वही है. एक अन्य लेखक पौर्वात्य के सितार बड़े ठाठ से बजाए जाने का उल्लेख करता है.
ग्रीक (यूनान) और भारतीय परिधान में समानता
ग्रीकों की पोशाक से भी यह प्रकट नहीं होता कि मूल जन इस क्षेत्र में पहुंचने से पहले किसी ऐसे क्षेत्र में निवास करते थे जहाँ अधिक ठण्ड पड़ती रही हो. उनकी पोशाक पर टिपण्णी करते हुए डॉ चाटुर्ज्या लिखते हैं, “ईरानी आर्यों के वस्त्रों का बहुत विश्वसनीय प्रस्तुतिकरण छठी शताब्दी ईस्वीपूर्व कि ह्ख्मनी मूर्तियों और टेपेस्ट्री के अवशेषों में पाया जाता है. पारसी आर्यों ने भारतीय आर्यों कि तरह खुले वस्त्र पहनने की आदत डाल ली थी, यह प्राचीन मूर्तियों में देखा जा सकता है. यूनानियों ने (जिनके प्रमाण स्पार्टा के डोरियनों और एथेंस के एटिकों में पाए जाते हैं) सादे अनसिले कपड़ों का चुनाव किया जो भारतीय आर्यों के दो वस्त्र खंडों धोती और उत्तरीय में पाया जता है. (Balts and Aryans in their Indo-European Background, 1958)
ठीक यही बात ग्रीस और कतिपय अन्य यूरोपीय स्थलों के विषय में काफी पहले श्रेडर ने कुछ विस्तार में जाते हुए कही थी. सुनीतिकुमार मानते हैं कि मूल जनों कि पोशाक मिदियनों और सिथियनों में बनी रह गयी थी जो पहाड़ी क्षेत्रों में रहने के कारण ब्रीचेज व ऊँचे बूट पहनते थे. श्रेडर भी मानते हैं कि मूल जन ऊनी व कौशेय (लिनन) वस्त्र बुनना जानते थे. वह ग्रीक स्त्रियों में भी इस तरह के वस्त्रों के प्रचलन की बात करते हैं. और इनको पहनने कि जिस शैली का हवाला दी हैं वह भारतीय स्त्रियों के पहनावे की याद दिलाती है. श्रेडर इस सम्बन्ध में एक अधिक उपयोगी सूचना देते हैं कि टैसिटस के अनुसार ट्यूटन पुरुषों में से बहुत से एक अधोवस्त्र से ही संतुष्ट रहते थे और उपर बिलकुल नंगे रहते थे (यह ग्रामीण भारतीय शैली है). (वही, भगवान सिंह)
सुनीति कुमार चाटुर्ज्या के अनुसार हड़प्पा के लोगों कि वेशभूषा ठीक वही थी जो ईरानियों और यूनानियों की और श्रेडर के अनुसार ग्रीक स्त्री-पुरुषों और टयूटनों की थी.
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